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Givat HaMivtar
Givat HaMivtar () is a neighborhood in Jerusalem〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Settlements in East Jerusalem )〕 established in 1970 between Ramat Eshkol and French Hill. It is located on a hill where an important battle took place in the Six Day War. Archaeological excavations have revealed important ancient Jewish tombs in the region. Givat Hamivtar was one of the first "Build Your Own Home" neighborhoods in Jerusalem. The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
==History==
The hill on which Givat Hamivtar was established was the site of a Jordanian fort, one of a series of military installations blocking Jewish access to Mount Scopus and cutting off Hadassah Hospital, the Hebrew University, and the National Library of Israel from West Jerusalem. The Jordanians called it ''Tal al-Mudura'', lit. "round hill." Jordanian snipers used this strategic location to fire on Israeli troops during the Battle of Ammunition Hill. Givat HaMivtar was conquered by an Israeli tank force after two attempts. The first mission failed after an Israeli soldier was killed by friendly fire.
The Jerusalem neighborhood of Givat Hamivtar was planned as part of a sequence of Jewish neighborhoods called the ''bariah'' or "hinge" neighborhoods〔〔(סיור לאורך "הקו העירוני", אילן שפירא )〕 connecting west Jerusalem to Mount Scopus. The name of the neighborhood means "bissected hill," either referring to the crisscross of Jordan bunkers that existed before the neighborhood was built,〔 or the earthworks cutting through Mount Scopus to create a road from Jerusalem's Old City to Nablus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】script-title=he:המיבתר במרומי הר הצופים ) The earthworks cutting picture, early 1970s.〕
In July 1967, Prime Minister Levi Eshkol ordered government clerks to bypass the ordinary procedures to allow for Givat HaMivtar and the other hinge neighborhoods to be built as quickly as possible. When purchasing land encountered difficulties, some tracts were expropriated.〔 To speed up the building process, land was subsidized by the government.〔 Most of the homes in Givat HaMivtar were privately built. The majority of the homes were two-family homes, originally one-story high, to which a second and often a third floor was added over time.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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